Leading the field in airborne atmospheric research, the ATR 42 aircraft operated by Service des Avions Français Instrumentés pour la Recherche en Environnement (SAFIRE) serves as a sophisticated flying laboratory. It is outfitted with cutting-edge technology specifically designed to collect essential atmospheric data. This extensively modified turboprop aircraft embodies scientific innovation, equipped with a range of advanced instruments for real-time data acquisition.
Equipped with advanced sensors and instruments, the ATR 42 is instrumental in meteorological research, covering areas such as cloud microphysics, tropical convection, aerosol distribution, and weather forecasting. Its versatility makes it exceptionally suited for diverse research applications, providing unparalleled insights into atmospheric complexities.
Initially designed as a commercial aircraft, the ATR 42 has been significantly modified to serve as a valuable asset in atmospheric science. It is now outfitted with specialized instruments and sensor systems, making it a versatile platform for conducting various meteorological studies.
The nose of the aircraft is particularly noteworthy, equipped with specialized pressure measurement sensors on the radome, known as a 5-hole probe. This configuration enables precise three-dimensional turbulence measurements in the atmosphere. In essence, it is equipped with advanced pressure sensors that allow scientists to measure turbulence in three dimensions.
The radome (aka the nose cover) itself is unique in its design, integrating total and differential pressure ports that are crucial for gathering data on airflow and turbulence.
On the fuselage of the aircraft, there are:
4 mounting points for PMS probes arranged in a crown pattern around the fuselage, ensuring comprehensive data capture.
7 N1-type holes are distributed along the fuselage to enhance measurement accuracy.
For bonus points and to further support scientific instruments, the ATR 42 has 1 radiometer mounting basin under the fuselage and another on the fuselage itself.
The aircraft's adaptable design permits the installation of up to four windows equipped with probes or air inlets. These N1-type openings are crucial for collecting atmospheric samples and enhancing the precision of weather and climate measurements. To support larger sensors, four pylons positioned on the front half of the fuselage enable the attachment of substantial equipment. Essentially, it functions as a flying science laboratory with customizable plug-and-play capabilities.
The distinctive apertures of the ATR 42 are crucial for its capability to perform specialized missions. Located beneath the fuselage, there are two pits—one at the front and another at the rear—measuring 700 x 450 mm and 650 x 450 mm, respectively. These pits can be fitted with BK7 glass to support LIDAR or radar measurements, allowing the aircraft to conduct detailed studies of atmospheric conditions and surface properties.
Furthermore, the aircraft's versatility in conducting a wide range of measurements is enhanced by four apertures on the top of the fuselage, with diameters of 400 mm, 200 mm, and 150 mm, which can accommodate glass or radiometers. Additionally, there are three circular openings beneath the fuselage, with diameters of 250 mm, 200 mm, and 150 mm, further augmenting the ATR 42's capability for data collection.
Additionally, 4 openings on the top of the fuselage, with diameters of 400 mm, 200 mm, and 150 mm, can be fitted with glass or radiometers, allowing the aircraft to perform a wide variety of measurements. There are also 3 circular openings under the fuselage with diameters of 250 mm, 200 mm, and 150 mm, further enhancing the ATR 42’s versatility in collecting data.
The ATR 42 is equipped with a range of advanced scientific instruments that are essential for atmospheric research. In addition to its laser-based systems and spectrometers, the aircraft carries particle counters to measure aerosols in the atmosphere, gas analysers for detecting trace gases like carbon dioxide and methane, and temperature, pressure, and humidity probes for real-time weather data.
Its onboard LIDAR system allows for precise atmospheric profiling, offering valuable insights into aerosol distribution and cloud properties. This data is crucial for studying cloud microphysics and improving weather forecasts, while also contributing to climate change models that rely on accurate atmospheric data.
The ATR 42 serves as a crucial asset in the ongoing fight against climate change, transcending its role as a mere research aircraft. As atmospheric science progresses, SAFIRE continually enhances the ATR 42 with new instruments and upgrades. Its adaptability permits the integration of additional instruments and modifications to address the needs of emerging research initiatives, establishing it as a formidable tool for both scientific experimentation and operational monitoring.
The capability to collect real-time data on atmospheric composition, cloud structure, and aerosol concentration equips scientists with essential tools to comprehend and forecast the effects of human activities on the environment.
SAFIRE’s mission is to bridge the gap between aviation and scientific research. The data collected during each mission not only supports atmospheric research but also informs global efforts to address climate change and protect the environment.
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